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''Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up'' or ''Peter and Wendy'' is J. M. Barrie's most famous work, in the form of a 1904 play and a 1911 novel. Both versions tell the story of Peter Pan, a mischievous little boy who can fly, and his adventures on the island of Neverland with Wendy Darling and her brothers, the fairy Tinker Bell, the Lost Boys, and the pirate Captain Hook. The play and novel were inspired by Barrie's friendship with the Llewelyn Davies family. Barrie continued to revise the play for years after its debut until publication of the play script in 1928. The play debuted in London on 27 December 1904 with Nina Boucicault, daughter of playwright Dion Boucicault, in the title role. A Broadway production was mounted in 1905 starring Maude Adams. It was later revived with such actresses as Marilyn Miller and Eva Le Gallienne. The play has since been adapted as a pantomime, stage musical, a television special, and several films, including a 1924 silent film, Disney's 1953 animated full-length feature film, and a 2003 live action production. The play is now rarely performed in its original form on stage in the United Kingdom, whereas pantomime adaptations are frequently staged around Christmas. In the U.S., the original version has also been supplanted in popularity by the 1954 musical version, which became popular on television. The novel was first published in 1911 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom and Charles Scribner's Sons in the United States. The original book contains a frontispiece and 11 half-tone plates by artist F. D. Bedford (whose illustrations are still under copyright in the EU). The novel was first abridged by May Byron in 1915, with Barrie's permission, and published under the title ''Peter Pan and Wendy'', the first time this form was used. This version was later illustrated by Mabel Lucie Attwell in 1921. In 1929, Barrie gave the copyright of the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital, a children's hospital in London. == Background == Barrie created Peter Pan in stories he told to the sons of his friend Sylvia Llewelyn Davies, with whom he had forged a special relationship. Mrs. Llewelyn Davies's death from cancer came within a few years after the death of her husband. Barrie was named as co-guardian of the boys and unofficially adopted them. The character's name comes from two sources: Peter Llewelyn Davies, one of the boys, and Pan, the mischievous Greek god of the woodlands.〔Roger Lancelyn Green, Fifty Years of Peter Pan, Peter Davies Publishing, 1954 (Chapter 5)〕 Andrew Birkin has suggested that the inspiration for the character was Barrie's elder brother David, whose death in a skating accident at the age of fourteen deeply affected their mother.〔Birkin, Andrew: J. M. Barrie & the Lost Boys Constable, 1979; revised edition, Yale University Press, 2003〕 According to Birkin, the death was "a catastrophe beyond belief, and one from which she never fully recovered. If Margaret Ogilvy (mother as the heroine of his 1896 novel of that title ) drew a measure of comfort from the notion that David, in dying a boy, would remain a boy for ever, Barrie drew inspiration."〔Birkin, Andrew: ''J M Barrie & the Lost Boys''. Yale University Press, 2003〕 The Peter Pan character first appeared in print in the 1902 novel ''The Little White Bird'', written for adults. The character was next used in the stage play ''Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up'' that premiered in London on 27 December 1904 and became an instant success. In 1906, the chapters of ''The Little White Bird'' which featured Peter Pan was published as the book ''Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens'', with illustrations by Arthur Rackham. Barrie then adapted the play into the 1911 novel ''Peter and Wendy'' (most often now published simply as ''Peter Pan''). The original draft of the play was entitled simply ''Anon: A Play''. Barrie's working titles for it included ''The Great White Father'' and ''Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Hated Mothers''. Producer Charles Frohman disliked the title on the manuscript, in answer to which Barrie reportedly suggested ''The Boy Who Couldn't Grow Up''; Frohman suggested changing it to ''Wouldn't'' and dropping ''The Great White Father'' as a title. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter and Wendy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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